[29] Between November 1945 and April 1948, firefighters, speleologists and policemen inspected foibe and mine shafts in the "Zone A" of the Free Territory of Trieste (mainly consisting in the surroundings of Trieste), where they recovered 369 corpses; another 95 were recovered from mass graves in the same area. Medical Center. "[20], At the end of the war, near the site of the most famous Basovizza foibe, a big battle took place between Germans and Yugoslav forces, and after the battle local villagers threw dead German soldiers and horses into the mine shaft. Per il Giorno del ricordo 2021, una raccolta di poesie, interviste e passi di narrativa sull'esodo istriano e giuliano-dalmata del dopoguerra [47] The Italian forces executed thousands of additional civilians as hostages and conducted massacres, such as the Podhum massacre in 1942. . Facebook is showing information to help you better understand the purpose of a Page. The Italian government sent tens of thousands of Slavs, among them many women and children, to Italian concentration camps , such as Rab, Gonars, Monigo, Renicci, Molat, Zlarin, Mamula, etc. "[59], Italian president Giorgio Napolitano took an official speech during celebration of the "Memorial Day of Foibe Massacres and Istrian-Dalmatian exodus" in which he stated:[60]. ITALIANO Carlo SgorlonCarlo Sgorlon (Casacco, 26 Luglio 1930 – Udine, 25 Dicembre 2009) è stato uno scrittore italiano. [52], It has been alleged that the killings were part of a purge aimed at eliminating potential enemies of communist Yugoslav rule, which would have included members of German and Italian fascist units, Italian officers and civil servants, parts of the Italian elite who opposed both communism and fascism (including the leadership of Italian anti-fascist partisan organizations and the leaders of Fiume's Autonomist Party, including Mario Blasich and Nevio Skull), Slovenian and Croatian anti-communists, collaborators and radical nationalists. To these we should add an unknown number of 'missing' (not less than a hundred) relegated into anonymity due to missing inventory in the Municipal Registries together with the relevant number of victims having (...) Croatian nationality (who were often, at least between 1940 and 1943, Italian citizens) determined after the end of war by the Yugoslav communist regime. [56] Italy never extradited or prosecuted some 1,200 Italian Army officers, government officials or former Fascist Party members accused of war crimes by Yugoslavia, Ethiopia, Greece and other occupied countries and remitted to the United Nations War Crimes Commission. L'elenco è aggiornato continuamente. Admittedly, I could not forget--as many exiles seemed to do--that the exodus from Istria followed on twenty years of the fascistization and Italianization of Istria, as well as a bloody Italian military campaign in Yugoslavia between 1941 and 1943. … [66][67], Many books have been written about the foibe, and results, interpretations and estimates of victims can in some cases vary largely according to the point of view of the author. Affissione bacheche studenti attività sulle foibe. After D’Annuzio's removal, Fiume briefly become a Free State, but local Fascists in 1922 carried out a coup, and in 1924 Italy annexed Fiume. A diplomatic protest followed. What we can say for sure is that what was achieved - in the most evident way through the inhuman ferocity of the foibe - was one of the barbarities of the past century. The ethnic map of the area could potentially be a decisive factor in a treaty of peace with Italy and for this reason, according to some Italian historians, the reduction of the ethnic Italian population was held desirable. The name was derived from a local geological feature, a type of deep karst sinkhole called foiba. [23] After the war the Basovizza foibe was used by the Italian authorities as a garbage dump. [28][22] More bodies were sighted, but not recovered. Il 10 febbraio si celebra il Giorno del ricordo delle Foibe. (...) Yugoslav Communism had deeply assimilated a return to nationalism that was inherent to the idea of 'Socialism in One Country'. [3] Gaia Baracetti notes that Italian representations of foibe, such as a miniseries on national television, are replete with historical inaccuracies and stereotypes, portraying Slavs as “merciless assassins”, similar to fascist propaganda, while “largely ignoring the issue of Italian war crimes”[11], The first (disputed) claims of people being thrown into foibe date to 1943, after the Wehrmacht took back the area from the Partisans. 8/11 APRILE: SETTIMANA DELLA PREVENZIONE “I veri stupefacenti siamo noi” Istituti scolastici Chieti, Sulmona, L’Aquila e Montesilvano. RICERCA SULLE FOIBE RICERCA SULLE FOIBE DI MICHAEL MATTIELLO 3°B COSA SONO LE FOIBE? The population was divided into urban-coastal communities (mainly Romance speakers) and rural communities (mainly Slavic speakers), with small minorities of Morlachs and Istro-Romanians. Si scatena rapidamente la seconda ondata di violenze delle foibe. Università degli Studi di Sassari TRIESTE La memoria legata alla tragedia delle foibe come patrimonio della coscienza storica nazionale, un’analisi storicamente differenziata del fenomeno nel suo complesso, un … Scarica Version Scarica 25 Dimensioni file 74 KB File Count 1 Data di Pubblicazione 5 Febbraio 2020 Ultimo aggiornamento 5 Febbraio 2020 Circolare n.141 – Commemorazione vittime delle Foibe L'esodo istriano e le foibe giorno del ricordo 2014, Tesi maturità sulle Foibe,Rossellini e L'illuinazione nel cinema, Per non dimenticare il massacro delle FOIBE, Customer Code: Creating a Company Customers Love, No public clipboards found for this slide. I heard exiles' accounts of "Slavic barbarity" and "ethnic cleansing," suffered in Istria between 1943 and 1954, as well as Slovene and Croat narratives of the persecution experienced under the fascist state and at the hands of neofascists in the postwar period. This has the power to condition appreciably the choices of the people, such as the one by Istrians that decide to leave their lands assigned to Yugoslav sovereignty..." (. As a result, 480,000 Slavic-speakers came under Italian rule, while 12,000 Italian speakers were left in Yugoslavia, mostly in Dalmatia. "Italian islands in a Slavic sea". In Italy, Law 92 of 30 March 2004[65] declared February 10 as a Day of Remembrance dedicated to the memory of the victims of Foibe and the forced exodus of nearly the entire population of Italian origin living in Dalmatia and the Julian March carried out by the Yugoslavs. Pamela Ballinger in her book, History in Exile: Memory and Identity at the Borders of the Balkans, wrote:[54]. Maggio-inizi giugno. At the same time, however, I could not accept at face value the claim by some that the violence the Slavs suffered under fascism justified subsequent events in Istria or that all those who left Istria were compromised by fascism. Arrigo Petacco, Konrad Eisenbichler, Presidenza della Repubblica, Giorgio Napolitano, official speech for the celebration of "Giorno del Ricordo" Quirinal on 10 February 2007, Learn how and when to remove this template message, National Memorial Day of the Exiles and Foibe, List of mass executions and massacres in Yugoslavia during World War II, "In Trieste, Investigation of Brutal Era Is Blocked", "Pregled izvještaja pulskog dnevnika Corriere Istriano (listopad - prosinac 1943.) Scarica la C_I_319. Casale M., vandali con falce e martello in azione vicino al cippo delle Vittime delle Foibe Scritto da Redazione Domenica, 9 Feb 2020 - 0 Commenti A Casale Monferrato giovedì 8 febbraio, in occasione del Giorno del Ricordo di lunedì 10 febbraio, si è tenuto un sit-in di Forza Nuova e … 14. Film sulle foibe Segue una raccolta di film sulle foibe, dal più recente al meno recente. Molte vittime non concludono la propria esistenza nelle voragini carsiche, ma muoiono di fame e di stenti nei campi di concentramento della Jugoslavia. Evocations of the 'Slav other' and of the terrors of the foibe made by state institutions, academics, amateur historians, journalists, and the memorial landscape of everyday life were the backdrop to the post-war renegotiation of Italian national identity. Scholar Katia Pizzi claims that "In 1943 and 1945, hundreds, perhaps thousands, of Italians, both partisans [belligerents] and civilians, were imprisoned and subsequently thrown alive by Yugoslav partisans into various chasms in the Karst region and the hinterland of Trieste and Gorizia". A differenza della prima … I would say we can easily sacrifice 500,000 barbaric Slavs for 50,000 Italians. The Germans threw around 70 local people into a foiba in retaliation for the bombing of a cinema that German soldiers attended. There was therefore a movement of hate and bloodthirsty fury, and a Slavic annexationist design, which prevailed above all in the peace treaty of 1947, and assumed the sinister shape of "ethnic cleansing". We should not be afraid of new victims. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. [4] However, there were also victims of personal revenge, denunciations (as under German occupation), criminal activity, excess of zeal, misinterpreted motives, etc. 4 fleece-lined products to keep you cozy all winter long. La Perna gave a list of 6,335 names (2,493 military, 3,842 civilians). According to Fogar and Miccoli there is, "the need to put the episodes in 1943 and 1945 within [the context of] a longer history of abuse and violence, which began with Fascism and with its policy of oppression of the minority Slovenes and Croats and continued with the Italian aggression on Yugoslavia, which culminated with the horrors of the Nazi-Fascist repression against the Partisan movement. Report of the Italian-Slovene commission of historians (in three languages): Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}45°37′54″N 13°51′45″E / 45.63167°N 13.86250°E / 45.63167; 13.86250. [29] The Italian mayor, Gianni Bartoli continued with investigations and digging until 1954, with speleologists entering the cave multiple time, yet they found nothing. e Ingegneria dell’Informazione After 5 months of investigation and digging, all they found in the foiba were the remains of 150 German soldiers and one civilian killed in the final battles for Basovizza on April 29–30, 1945. Investigations of the crimes had not been initiated either by Italy, Yugoslavia or any international bodies in the post-war period until after Slovenia became an independent country in 1991. supporters of the Fascist regime and opponents of the Partisan forces, and included suspected Slavic collaborators. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. These sinkholes are a controversial subject - both in the public debate and in the personal exhibition of Silvia Mariotti in which sublime notions of nature intertwine with historical thought. When dealing with such a race as Slavic - inferior and barbaric - we must not pursue the carrot, but the stick policy. Scarica. Descrittori dei livelli del processo formativo e griglie di valutazione; Piano Triennale dell’Offerta Formativa ; Piano di Miglioramento; Rapporto di Autovalutazione; Piano triennale attuazione PNSD; Protocollo di accoglienza alunni stranieri; Protocollo alunni con DSA; Curricolo d’Istituto; Carta dei servizi; Regolamenti. Similarly, I came to reject the argument that ethno-national antagonism had not entered into the equation, as well as the counterview that the exodus represented simply an act of "ethnic cleansing". Other photos from the footage can be see in Giorgio Pisanò, Raoul Pupo wrote: "...the horrible death in a cave (...) become the very representation of a barbaric and obscure violence hanging over as a potential doom of an entire community. [22] Many of these were military forces, some of these were German soldiers and Slovene collaborators. The initial impulse was instigated by the revolutionary movement which was changed into a political regime, and transformed the charge of national and ideological intolerance between the partisans into violence at national level. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Allegati. I suoi romanzi hanno per tema specialmente la vita contadina friulana con i suoi miti, le sue leggende e la sua religiosità, le guerre mondiali, il dramma delle guerre mondiali e delle foibe , le storie degli emigrati. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Here, one must again recall Stalinism to understand what Tito's well-organized troops did. Mappa delle principali foibe . Home Home C_I_319 Affissione bacheche studenti attività sulle foibe. La resa dei soldati tedeschi nel maggio del 1945, consente alle truppe di Tito l’immediata occupazione della Venezia Giulia, comprese le città di Trieste, Gorizia e Pola. L’Attività di Educazione alla Memoria del Comune di Rimini non si ferma e la Città si prepara a commemorare il Giorno del Ricordo, per tenere viva la memoria delle vittime dei massacri delle foibe, perpetrati tra il 1943 e il 1945 per opera della polizia segreta e dei partigiani comunisti jugoslavi, e il dramma dell’esodo giuliano-dalmata che tra il 1944 e il 1958 vide la quasi totalità degli italiani e delle … (...) The war, which had begun as anti-fascist, became anti-German and anti-Italian. Thousands died in the camps, including hundreds of children. However, the conciliatory moves by Ciampi and Veltroni were not endorsed by all Italian political groups. claim the main motive for the killings was retribution for the years of Italian repression, forced Italianization, suppression of Slavic sentiments and killings performed by Italian authorities during the war, not just in the concentration camps (such as Rab and Gonars), but also in reprisals often undertaken by the fascists.[53]. From Ljubljana Province alone, historians estimate the Italians sent 25,000 to 40,000[46] Slovenes to concentration camps, which represents 8-12% of the total population. Redazione - 9 Febbraio 2020. to hide the bodies). [citation needed], Nowadays, a large part of the Italian Left acknowledges the nature of the foibe massacres, as attested by some declarations of Luigi Malabarba, Senator for the Communist Refoundation Party, during the parliamentary debate on the institution of the National Memorial Day: "In 1945 there was a ruthless policy of exterminating opponents. [citation needed], It was not possible to extract all the corpses from the foibe, some of which are deeper than several hundred meters; some sources are attempting to compile lists of locations and possible victim numbers. [39] In Fiume alone, the Slavic population declined by 66% by 1925, compared to pre-WWI levels. These events were triggered by the atmosphere of settling accounts with the fascist violence; but, as it seems, they mostly proceeded from a preliminary plan which included several tendencies: endeavours to remove persons and structures who were in one way or another (regardless of their personal responsibility) linked with Fascism, with Nazi supremacy, with collaboration and with the Italian state, and endeavours to carry out preventive cleansing of real, potential or only alleged opponents of the communist regime, and the annexation of the Julian March to the new Yugoslavia. Alcuni alunni della III C hanno letto testimonianze di alcuni esuli delle Foibe ... Gli obbiettivi dell’attività sono ricordare le persecuzioni ed i massacri degli italiani, ragionare e riflettere sull’accaduto, individuare un messaggio da trasmettere alle nuove generazioni. La Deputata onora la memoria degli innocenti uccisi nelle foibe o che furono costretti a lasciare le loro terre "La tragica vicenda delle foibe è la dimostrazione di quanto spesso le ideologie calpestino le persone, cercando invece di far credere di perseguire il bene. Le foibe sono un soggetto controverso sia nel dibattito pubblico e sia nella mostra personale di Silvia Mariotti in cui nozioni sublimi sulla natura si intrecciano al pensiero storico. Leggi tutto. Istituto regionale per la storia della Resistenza e dell’Età contemporanea nel Friuli Venezia Giulia, This page was last edited on 17 January 2021, at 02:06. In the place of a destroyed Zara, a new Zadar will be reborn, and this will be our revenge in the Adriatic". [49], A 2002 joint report by Rome's Society of Fiuman studies (Società di Studi Fiumani) and Zagreb's Croatian Institute of History (Hrvatski institut za povijest) concluded that from Rijeka and the surrounding area "no less than 500 persons of Italian nationality lost their lives between 3 May 1945 and 31 December 1947. [58] The event was discussed by Jože Pirjevec in connection to the Porzûs massacre, in which 17 members of the anti-fascist group "Brigate Osoppo" (among whom was a female prisoner) were killed by members of the Italian Communist Party (among them, the nineteen-year-old Guido Pasolini, the brother of famous Italian writer Paolo Pasolini). After World War I, the whole of the former Austrian Julian March, including Istria, and Zadar in Dalmatia were annexed by Italy, while Dalmatia (except Zadar) was annexed by the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Regolamenti. In Italy the term foibe has, for some authors and scholars,[6] taken on a symbolic meaning; for them it refers in a broader sense to all the disappearances or killings of Italian people in the territories occupied by Yugoslav forces. [24][page needed] According to data gathered by a joint Slovene-Italian historical commission established in 1993, "the violence was further manifested in hundreds of summary executions - victims were mostly thrown into the Karst chasms (foibe) - and in the deportation of a great number of soldiers and civilians, who either wasted away or were killed during the deportation". Newspaper reports from the postwar era claimed anywhere from 18 to 3,000 Basovizza foibe victims, but Trieste authorities refused to fully excavate Basovizza, citing financial constraints. Impossibile il conto preciso delle vittime, peraltro non tutte gettate nelle foibe, ma in gran parte fucilate nei campi di concentramento: le stime oscillano fra i 5 e i 10 mila morti. "[7], "With regard to the civilian population of Venezia Giulia the Yugoslav troops did not behave at all like an army occupying enemy territory: nothing in their actions recalls the indiscriminate violence of Red Army soldiers in Germany, on the contrary, their discipline seems in some ways superior even to that of the Anglo-American units. [citation needed], Silvio Berlusconi's coalition government brought the issue back into open discussion: the Italian Parliament (with the support of the vast majority of the represented parties) made February 10 National Memorial Day of the Exiles and Foibe, first celebrated in 2005 with exhibitions and observances throughout Italy (especially in Trieste). The Croatian President Stipe Mesić immediately responded in writing, stating that: It was impossible not to see overt elements of racism, historical revisionism and a desire for political revenge in Napolitano's words. Le attività per il Giorno del Ricordo a Roma. [28][22], The most famous Basovizza foiba, was investigated by English and American forces, starting immediately on June 12, 1945. Con il termine foiba, che deriva dal latino , vengono chiamati gli inghiottitoi naturali tipici delle aree carsiche; nella Venezia Giulia le In 1944, near the end of a war in which Nazis, Fascists and their allies killed over 800,000 Yugoslavs, Croat poet Vladimir Nazor wrote: "We will wipe away from our territory the ruins of the destroyed enemy tower, and we will throw them in the deep sea of oblivion. In 1911, complaining of local Italian efforts to falsely count Slovenes as Italians, the Trieste Slovene newspaper Edinost wrote: “We are here, we want to stay here and enjoy our rights! Via Martiri delle Foibe 10/n (5,569.52 mi) Civitanova Marche, Marche, Italy 62012. In occasione della giornata del ricordo delle Foibe, uno speciale su uno degli eccidi meno considerati della storiografia italiana. 1. [4] The terror spread by these disappearances and killings eventually caused the majority of the Italians of Istria, Rijeka, and Zadar to flee to other parts of Italy or the Free Territory of Trieste. Attività. L'Autore. [12] Other authors claimed the 70 hostages were killed and burned in the Nazi lager of the Risiera of San Sabba, on 4 April 1944. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. No inspections were ever carried out either in the Yugoslav-controlled "Zone B", or in the rest of Istria. "[50], In March 2006, the border municipality of Nova Gorica in Slovenia released a list of names of 1,048 citizens of the Italian city of Gorizia (the two cities belonged until the Treaty of Paris of 1947 to the same administrative body) who disappeared in May 1945 after being arrested by the Partisan 9th Corps. You can change your ad preferences anytime. Get Directions +39 0733 781290. [4] More recently, Pupo has revised the total victims estimates to 3,000 to 4,000. Nor could I countenance some exiles' frequent expressions of anti-Slav chauvinism. [10], Raoul Pupo states that the primary targets of the purges were ideological, i.e. Manlio Di Stefano (M5S): il Movimento 5 Stelle ricorda le vittime delle foibe Firma contro l'Euro: cerca il banchetto più vicino a te Qui tutte le info sulle attività del M5S in … Dalmatia), the 1910 numbers were 96.2% Slavic speakers and 2.8% Italian speakers:[37]. "[4], The primary targets of the foibe were military and repressive forces of the Fascist regime, and civilians associated with the regime. Circolare n.141 – Commemorazione vittime delle Foibe. Many of the bodies found in the Basovizza pit, and in the foibe of Corgnale, Grgar, Plomin, Komen, Socerb, Val Rosandra, Cassorana, Labin, Tinjan, Cerenizza, Heki, and others were ethnic Italians. Others included deaths resulting from the forced deportation of Italians, or those who died while trying to flee from these contested lands. Corso di Laurea in Scienze della Comunicazione. Roma Capitale – informa in un comunicato il Campidoglio – celebra il Giorno del Ricordo con un programma di iniziative per conservare e rinnovare la memoria delle vittime delle Foibe Istriane e dell’Esodo Giuliano-Dalmata. [3] and placed the events in the broader context of "the collapse of a structure of power and oppression: that of the fascist state in 1943, that of the Nazi-fascist state of the Adriatic coast in 1945."[4]. 5 Febbraio 2020 IC Velletri Sud Ovest Notizie. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Archivi tag: foibe Il giorno del Ricordo: 10 Febbraio. [30][31][32][33][34], Since the early Middle Ages, Latin, South Slavic and Venetian communities in Istria and Dalmatia had lived peacefully side by side. Nessuno ha diritto di metterla in discussione tanto meno fantomatici storici revisionisti e negazionisti”. 1 file(s) 74 KB. Registro Elettronico. “La tragedia delle Foibe è storia del Paese. The Italian border should run across the Brenner Pass, Monte Nevoso and the Dinaric Alps. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The foibe have been a neglected subject in mainstream political debate in Italy, Yugoslavia and former-Yugoslav nations, only recently garnering attention with the publication of several books and historical studies. Moreover, for the first time, leaders from the Italian Left, such as Walter Veltroni, visited the Basovizza foiba and admitted the culpability of the Left in covering up the subject for decades. [40], In a 1920 speech in Pola (Pula) Istria, Benito Mussolini proclaimed .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}. (...) Modern Europe was built on foundations… of which anti-fascism was one of the most important. E’ la seconda fase delle foibe, diretta, questa volta, politicamente “dall’alto”. We throw the ruling clique the glove a duel, and we will not give up until artificial Trieste Italianism is crushed in dust, lying under our feet.”[43] Due to these complaints, Austria carried a census recount, and the number of Slovenes increased by 50-60% in Trieste and Gorizia, proving Slovenes were initially falsely counted as Italians. [5] The term includes by extension killings and "burials" in other subterranean formations, such as the Basovizza "foiba", which is a mine shaft. [citation needed], So, the Italian government tactically "exchanged" the impunity of the Italians accused by Yugoslavia for the renunciation to investigate the foibe massacres. circolare_n141_Commemorazione_Vittime_delle_Foibe. Lo dichiara Ettore Rosato, vice-presidente della Camera, a proposito delle polemiche provocate dal convegno 'foibe e fascismo' organizzato dall'Anpi il … According to author Raoul Pupo: "It is well known that the majority of the victims didn't end their lives in a Karst cave, but met their deaths on the road to deportation, as well as in jails or in Yugoslav concentration camps. D’Annunzio created the Italian Regency of Carnaro, with him as its dictator, or Comandante, and a constitution foreshadowing the Fascist system. 14. 2014. Contrary to the Treaty of London, in 1919 Gabrielle D’Annunzio led an army of 2,600 Italian war veterans to seize the city of Fiume (Rijeka). [19] Another report from the time describes the 1943 foibe victims as "our squadristi" (i.e. Estimates range from hundreds to twenty thousand. Articolo Successivo ; Articolo Precedente ; C_I_319 Affissione bacheche studenti attività sulle foibe. Thus, both Italian war crimes and Yugoslav war and post-war mass killings were set aside if not forgotten to maintain a "good neighbour" policy. Dipartimento di Scienze Politiche, Scienze della Comunicazione [51] According to the Slovene government, "the list contains the names of persons arrested in May 1945 and whose destiny cannot be determined with certainty or whose death cannot be confirmed". Foibe: Garavini, uno dei maggiori drammi italiani del Novecento . [40] The remnants of the Italian community in Dalmatia (which had started a slow but steady emigration to Istria and Venice during the 19th century) left their cities toward Zadar and the Italian mainland. (...) The explanations were accepted with understanding and they have contributed to overcoming misunderstandings caused by the speech. [27] Between October and December 1943, the Fire brigade of Pola, helped by mine workers, recovered a total of 159 victims of the first wave of mass killings from the foibe of Vines (84 bodies), Terli (26 bodies), Treghelizza (2 bodies), Pucicchi (11 bodies), Villa Surani (26 bodies), Cregli (8 bodies) and Carnizza d'Arsia (2 bodies); another 44 corpses were recovered in the same period from two bauxite mines in Lindaro and Villa Bassotti. [citation needed], For several Italian historians these killings were the beginning of organized ethnic cleansing. When historian Alessandra Kersevan, who was a guest, pointed out to the television host Bruno Vespa that the photo depicted the killings of some Slovenes rather than Italians, the host did not apologize. They excluded possible 'foibe' killings by other parties or forces. [25], Historians Raoul Pupo and Roberto Spazzali, have estimated the total number of victims at about 5,000, and note that the targets were not "Italians", but military and repressive forces of the Fascist regime, and civilians associated with the regime. claim Tito's political aim of adding the Istrian territories as far as Trieste to the new Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. Localizzazione delle principali foibe 13. Un film bellissimo prodotto nel 2005 dalla RAI e da Rizzoli Audiovisivi. [44], In April 1941, Italy attacked Yugoslavia, and occupied large portions of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Montenegro, Serbia and Macedonia, directly annexing Ljubljana Province, Gorski Kotar and Central Dalmatia, along with most Croatian islands. Italy began a policy of forced Italianization[38] Italy forbade Slavic languages in public institutions and schools, moved 500 Slovene teachers to the interior of Italy, replacing them with Italian ones, the government changed people’s names to Italian ones, Slavic cultural, sporting and political associations were banned. Some of these have returned to Trieste but have kept well out of the Allied authorities, not participating in enquiries about the deportations for fear of arrest and trial 'for their former fascist activities'.